Helicobacter Pylori / Peptic Ulcer Disease

Helicobacter Pylori / Peptic Ulcer Disease 

Helicobacter Pylori in the stomach and upper part of duodenum can cause peptic ulcer.
It attack the stomach lining and cause ulcer in the stomach.

Symptoms:
Patient might not have symptoms or might have heartburn, abdominal pain 

Transmission:

• Faecal-Oral 
• Oral-Oral

Diagnosis by:

• Urea Breath Test
• H pylori antibody - Blood
• OGDS scope

Treatment:

• Triple Regimen (Amoxicillin + Omeprazole + Clarithromycin) for 14 days 
• Repeat Urea Breath Test after 4 weeks once complete Triple Regimen 

Complications:

• Chronic gastritis 
• Atrophic gastritis 
• Stomach ulcer
• Stomach cancer 

For more information, please whatapps to 017-2822923 Klinik Medilove Kepong

Blood Test - High Cholesterol

High Cholesterol Level 

Cholesterol found in the lipid (fat) in your blood.

High Cholesterol can build up fatty material at the blood vessel (Atherosclerosis)

↓

Difficult for blood to flow through

↓

Not enough Oxygen to heart / brain : Heart Attack / Stroke

Causes:

• Unhealthy lifestyle - inactivity and diet factors
• Inherited / Genetic - liver produce excess cholesterol

Risk Factors:

• High Fat Diet - saturated fat (animal fat) , trans fat (bakery)
• Obesity 
• Lack of exercise
• Smoking
• Diabetes

High Cholesterol has no symptoms - can only be found from blood test

LDL - Bad Cholesterol     - transport cholesterol throughout the body , build up in the wall of                                                   arteries 

HDL - Good Cholesterol  - pick up excess cholesterol back to liver 

Lifestyle modifications / changes

Food 

• Healthier Fat: avoid red meat & full diary milk fat, choose low fat diary & plant oil: olive oil & canola oil 
• Avoid Trans Fat : in fast food / fried food / snacks / cookies
• Omega 3 Fatty Acid : - salmon , walnuts , almonds 
• Fibers : oat brans , vegetables and fruits 

Exercise

• minimum 1 week 3 times 
• 1 time 30 minutes of aerobic exercise

Smoking & Alcohol

• Quit Smoking

Obesity

• Weight Reduction

For more information, please whatapps to 017-2822923 Klinik Medilove Kepong

Elevated Alkaline Phosphatase

High Alkaline Phosphatase

Alkaline Phosphatase found in

• Bone 
• Intestine 
• Liver 
• Kidney 
• Placenta

Damages to these can cause increase in ALP

Causes:

• Liver: cholecystitis, cholangitis, cirrhosis, fatty liver
• Bones: Paget's disease, osteosarcoma, 
• Renal diseases
• Children - bone growth , Pregnant - placenta
• Drug use -  antibiotics, OCPs, allopurinol, phenytoin , alcohols
• Need elevated GGT - only consider as liver disease, x2 ULN consider significant

For more information, please whatapps to 017-2822923 Klinik Medilove Kepong

Iron Deficiency Anemia

Blood Test - Iron Deficiency Anemia 

Iron Deficiency anemia - Lack of iron 

Lack of iron will lead to less formation of hemoglobin (part of Red Blood Cells)

Hemoglobin works by binding to oxygen and send to the peripheral tissues and organs.

Symptoms:

• Fatigue
• Weakness, leg cramp
• Shortness of breath
• Dizziness
• Cold hands and feets
• inflammation of the tougue & have mouth ulcers
• Poor appetite 
• Brittle nail
• Craving for ice
• Cold intolerance

Causes:

• Blood Lost - heavy menses , GI bleeding eg peptic ulcer, colorectal cancer, colon polyp
• Lack of iron in  the diet - meat, egg, spinach
• Unable to absorb iron - celiac disease, post resection of intestine
• Pregnancy

Risk Factors:

• Female - have menses 
• Baby - not taking breast milk 
• Vegetarian - less source of iron

Complications:

• Heart problem
• Problems during pregnancy 

Diagnosis:

• Microcytic Hypochromic RBCs
• low PCV
• Serum Iron Studies : Low Serum Iron & Ferritin level , elevated TIBC level , high Transferrin level
• High platlet count 
• Stool Occult Blood
• Endoscopy, Colonoscopy, Ultrasound

Treatment:

• Must find out the cause of Iron deficiency anemia 
• Take oral iron tablet with vitamin C (increase absorption)
• Do not take together with antacids, calcium, caffein, milk, tea 
• Iron tablet will cause black stool , feeling better after a week , but need months to replenish the iron in the body 
• TCA to do FBC again after 3 months 

For more information, please whatapps to 017-2822923 Klinik Medilove Kepong

Blood Test Interpretation - Platelet Count

Blood Test Interpretation - Platelet Count

Platelet help to stop bleeding by clumping and clotting the blood vessels

Reference Range: Normal Platelet Count: 150,000 - 400,000 x 10⁹

Thrombocyctosis - high platelet count more than 400,000 x 10⁹

Thrombocytopenia - low platelet count less than 150,000 x 10⁹

Causes of 

• High Platelet Count - Reactive (Secondary) - Inflammation (acute phase reaction), Infection , Essential (Primary)- Essential thrombocytosis Myeloproliferative Disease  

• Low Platelet Count - Dengue fever, sepsis, leukemia, autoimmune disorder - rheumatoid arthritis, idiopathic autoimmune purpura

For more information, please whatapps to 017-2822923 Klinik Medilove Kepong

Blood Test Report Interpretation - White Cell Count / Leucocyte Count

White Cell Count / White Blood Cells

Leucopenia - when less white blood cells , <4.0 x 10⁹

Leucocytosis - when more white blood cells, > 11 x 10⁹

Low WBC - post chemo / radiotherapy , leukemia, (with low neutrophils)

High WBC - bacterial infection, response to stress, inflammation (with high neutrophils), burns, crush injury , 

High Eosinophils - Allergic Reactions, Asthma, Hay Fever, Parasitic Infection

High Basophils - IgE mediated allergic reaction

High Monocytes - Chronic Infection like Tuberculosis, Bacterial Endocarditis, Malaria, Rickets

High Lymphocytes - Viral Infections - Hepatitis A, EBV, CMV

Low Lymphocytes - Viral Infections / Malnutrition / Fasting / Steroid / Post Chemo

For more information, please whatapps to 017-2822923 Klinik Medilove Kepong